Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
The Specialty of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics is the branch of dentistry that specializes in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of dental and facial irregularities. The technical term for these problems is "malocclusion.” The practice of orthodontics uses corrective appliances (retainers and/or braces) to bring teeth, lips and jaws into proper alignment and achieve facial balance.
"Malocclusion" encompasses crooked, crowded or protruding teeth which do not fit together properly. Literally, the word means "bad bite." Most malocclusions are inherited. These include crowding of teeth, too much space between teeth, extra or missing teeth, cleft palate and a variety of irregularities of the jaws and face.
Some malocclusions are acquired. They can be caused by thumb-sucking, tongue thrusting, dental disease, premature loss of primary or permanent teeth, accidents or some medical problems. Left untreated, these orthodontic problems can become worse. Crooked and crowded teeth are hard to clean and maintain a condition that may contribute to tooth decay, eventual gum disease and tooth loss. A bad bite can also cause abnormal wear of tooth surfaces, difficulty in chewing and excess stress of the supporting bone and gum tissue.
An Orthodontist is a specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of dental and facial irregularities. Orthodontists must successfully complete an additional residency program of at least two-three years of advanced education in orthodontics after becoming a dentist. This advanced training includes such diverse studies as genetics, embryology, human growth and development, and biophysics. In Canada, only dentists with this advanced specialty education can present themselves as Orthodontists.
At one time, most people believed braces were just for children and adolescents. Today, of the thousands of Canadians now in orthodontic treatment, more than one in four is over the age of 21. Because the basic process involved in moving teeth is the same in adults as in children, orthodontic treatment can usually be successful at any age. The health of the teeth, the gums and of the supporting bones will also determine the prospects for improvement.
It is recommended that every child see an orthodontist no later than age seven. Some orthodontic problems are easier to correct if detected early. Only a certified Orthodontist knows the best time to start your orthodontic treatment.
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